Uncertainties in Spatial Orientation: Critical Limits for Landmark Inaccuracies in Maps in the Context of Map Matching

Abstract Map information, especially volunteered geographic information (VGI) is prone to spatial inaccuracies. Due their use as reference points, spatially inaccurate landmark representations in maps might affect the ability match represented 3D space and compromise self-localization orientation. Based on a map matching task virtual environment various degrees of inaccuracies simultaneously presented 2D map, we aimed identify acceptable critical values Furthermore, potential effects semantic categories were evaluated. The findings demonstrate how metric space. corresponding more than 10 m within swapped pictograms associated with perception mismatch between spaces. distance landmarks perceiver was found matching. Spatial less likely be perceived spaces when further away, presumably because small or moderate difficult perceive. To reduce identified map-matching performance, propose means quantify uncertainty concerning visually communicate this users.